How to Develop a Computer Program
Four Key Steps to Producing Code in any Programming Language
Feb 13, 2009
Many people start producing computer programs by writing code, but that is only one of four steps which must be mastered to develop a computer program. Taking each step in turn will help ensure a high quality program that meets requirements and works as intended.
Design
The first step in developing a computer program is design. Producing a good design leads to efficient code which does what it is meant to in the best way possible. Extra time spent in design reduces the time spent coding and testing, which will help reduce the overall duration of the development. The key point is not to start coding until design is complete.
Design processes include defining the data requirements (often the inputs to the program) working out what processing must be completed and how, as well as the information to be provided (the outputs). Pseudocode is often produced during the design stage to work out the steps needed in the program.
Coding Writing and Developing
Once design is complete, then coding can start. The program is written in the language chosen, making sure that all the language syntax rules are followed precisely.
For beginners, programming can be frustrating, as it is an unforgiving task. At times it may seem as if the computer just won’t do as it’s meant to, but the computer always does exactly what it is told to do. Techniques such as debugging, dry running programs and meticulously checking syntax can help to find errors.
Testing Computer Programs
The purpose of testing is to ensure that the program works as expected. However this statement oversimplifies the possible complexities of thorough testing. Learning how to test well is a key skill for developers.
There are lots of different ways of testing and there are many different types of test that can be undertaken. Good development includes choosing the appropriate tests for the particular program. This Testing Computer Programs article has more information on the different types of test available.
Maintenance of Computer Software
More time is spent maintaining programs than is commonly realised. The world changes and so do the requirements for programs. Making sure that programs are maintainable is really important and can be the difference between an excellent and average programmer. There are lots of techniques which aid maintainability and documentation is not the only answer. Simple steps such as commenting code can help, as well as providing a statement of intent at the top of the code and a history of changes.
Mastering and using these four steps of program development will help ensure computer programs do what is intended and will enhance the reputation of any programmer.
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